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Tag: Material Characterization

Development of Load Tables for Design of Full-Culm Bamboo

Authors

Kent Harries, University of Pittsburgh
David J A Trujillo, Coventry University
Sebastian Kaminski, Arup
Luis Felipe López, Base Bahay Foundation Inc.

Abstract

Design aids in the form of load tables or span tables are well known to engineers and are commonly used in timber and steel design. Such tables reduce the need for repetitive calculation and allow for easy ‘what-if’ queries during design. They also permit rapid communication of minimum design requirements. This paper demonstrates an approach for developing design load tables for full culm bamboo elements for compression and flexure. The design tables are based on the provisions of ISO 22156:2021 and are most easily developed based upon an established grading procedure as described by ISO 19624:2018. Prior to the synthesis of these two standards, the generation of such load tables for bamboo was not practical. The development of archetypal column axial load tables and beam flexural span load tables is demonstrated. Examples of their use are illustrated demonstrating how alternate designs are easily established and compared. Such load tables are most appropriate for bespoke in-house design aides or as “national annexes” appended to ISO 22156:2021 upon its adoption by a jurisdiction.

Durability of Whole Culm Bamboo: Facts, Misconceptions and the New ISO 22156 Framework

Authors

Sebastian Kaminski, Arup
Kent Harries, University of Pittsburgh
Luis Felipe López, Base Bahay Foundation Inc.
David J A Trujillo, Coventry University
Hector F Archila, University of the West of England, Bristol

Abstract

The durability of bamboo is one of the most important aspects to consider when designing and building with this nature-based material. Durable structures with bamboo are resilient, cost-effective, and have a lower whole life-cycle environmental impact. This paper firstly reviews the main causes of the decay of bamboo: beetle, termite, and fungal, and then discusses the efficacy of different treatments-both traditional and modern. Common misconceptions around the durability of bamboo and its preservation methods are corrected. Finally, the recently published framework for the durability of bamboo within ISO 22156 – Bamboo Structures, based on Use Classes, is presented.

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Calibrating Two Wood Moisture Meters for Two Species of Bamboo

Authors

Carlo Cacanando, Base Bahay Foundation Inc.
Luis Felipe López, Base Bahay Foundation Inc.
David J A Trujillo, Coventry University

Abstract

The moisture content of bamboo is critical to its treatment and use. However, determining the moisture through oven drying is impractical for most applications. Moisture meters however are able to estimate the moisture content almost instantaneously. In this study, two moisture meters, Benetech GM610 and Brookhuis FMC were calibrated for two bamboo species: Bambusa Vulgaris and Bambusa Blumeana. The tests were done on dry Bambusa Blumeana and Vulgaris, and green Bambusa Blumeana. It was found that dry bamboo could be accurately measured using these devices, while for green bamboo the results were inconclusive.

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Adoption of Grading Practices According to ISO 166242018 for Bambusa Blumeana in the Philippines a Case Study

Authors

Ray Villanueva, Kawayan Collective Bamboo Treatment Facility
Luis Felipe López, Base Bahay Foundation Inc.
David J A Trujillo, Coventry University
Marlon Tanilon, Foundation University, Dumaguete City, Philippines
Clint Absin, Foundation University
Kate Tubog, Foundation University, Dumaguete City
Oman Krish Tubat, Foundation University, Philippines, Dumaguete

Abstract

ISO 19624:2018 is the world’s first international bamboo grading standard. It contains few prescriptive clauses and is mostly written as a recipe for a national grading standard. This paper reports the initial phases of the implementation of this standard in the context of a production plant (Kawayan Collective) exploiting Bambusa blumeana harvested in The Philippines. The team undertook the initial evaluation (i.e. characterization) of B. blumeana harvested from six sites. 123 culms were geometrically and mechanically characterised, as required by ISO 19624. Current visual grading rules used at Kawayan Collective have been recorded as well as their associated rejection rates and resulting associated cost of this rejection. Early findings from the initial evaluation are discussed.

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Establishing the Characteristic Shear Strength of a Local Bamboo Species: Bambusa Blumeana (Kawayan Tinik)

Authors

Brian Bautista, De La Salle University
Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano, De La Salle University
Luis Felipe López Base Bahay Foundation Inc.

Abstract

The mechanical properties of a structural material such as flexure, shear, and compressive strengths are needed in the structural design process. Unfortunately, published studies of the shear strength of an important local species: Bambusa blumeana (Kawayan Tinik) are limited. The authors focused on this property since joint connections are possible points of failure when a bamboo structure is subjected to extreme loads. The latest ISO 22157-1 test protocol and ISO 12122-1 were used to establish the shear strengths of twelve bamboo samples from Laguna. The results show that the average shear and characteristic shear strengths of Kawayan Tinik are 12.2 MPa and 9.56 MPa, respectively. Since testing facilities are limited at the site, the authors also proposed a linear model to estimate the shear strength of bamboo using the physical properties derived from the tests.

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Comparative Analysis of Shear Strength Parallel to Fiber Of Different Local Bamboo Species in the Philippines

Authors

Brian Bautista, De La Salle University
Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano, De La Salle University
Luis Felipe López, Base Bahay Foundation Inc.

Abstract

There are limited published studies related to the mechanical properties of bamboo species in the Philippines. In this study, the shear strength properties of some economically viable bamboo species in the Philippines were properly characterized based on 220 shear test results. The rationales for selecting this mechanical property are the following: (1) Shear strength, parallel to the fiber, has the highest variability among the mechanical properties; and (2) Shear is one of the governing forces on joint connections, and such connections are the points of failure on bamboo structures when subjected to extreme loading conditions. ISO 22157-1 (2017) test protocol for shear was used for all tests. The results showed that Bambusa blumeana has the highest average shear strength, followed by Gigantochloa apus, Dendrocalamus asper, Bambusa philippinensis, and Bambusa vulgaris. However, comparative analysis, using One-way ANOVA, showed that shear strength values among these bamboo species have significant differences statistically. A linear regression model is also established to estimate the shear strength of bamboo from its physical properties. Characteristic shear strength is also determined using ISO 12122-1 (2014) for future design reference.

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